Summary Of The Charismatic Theology Of Luke-Acts - 1428 Words

In The Charismatic Theology of St. Luke, Robert Stronstad adduces a succinct interpretation of the significance of Holy Spirit according to Lukan theology. He examines both the Spirit’s activity in Luke-Acts and the implications of the Gift of the Spirit in empowering, equipping, and commissioning of God’s people for service. The text is separated into six sections covering â€Å"the Holy Spirit in Luke-Acts†, â€Å"the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament†, â€Å"the Holy Spirit in the Gospel of Luke†, â€Å"The Holy Spirit at Pentecost†, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles† and the Charismatic Theology of St. Luke. Summary of the Work In the first section, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in Luke-Acts: A Challenge in methodology†, Stronstad discusses the theological†¦show more content†¦In this section Stronstad highlights the work of the charismatic Spirit in the Old Testament and the charismatic Spirit in the intertestamental period. The following installment of The Charismatic Theology of St. Luke focuses on Holy Spirit in the Gospel of Luke and the Charismatic nature of Christ. In this chapter Stronstad examines how Luke observes the Spirit in the infancy narrative, inauguration narrative and various texts dispersed throughout his Gospel. A central motif within this section is Jesus fulfillment of Old testament prophetic trajectories. Next, Stronstad addresses the charismatic community and â€Å"The Holy Spirit at Pentecost†. He asserts: â€Å"The Pentecost narrative is the story of the transfer of the charismatic Spirit from Jesus to the disciples. [...] By this transfer of the Spirit, the disciples become the heirs and successors to the earthly charismatic ministry of Jesus† (Stronstad, 55). Additionally, he stresses the complexity of the gift of the Spirit. The event that transpired at Pentecost can be described as but not limited to a baptizing, clothing, outpouring, filling, and empowering of the Spirit. Acts of the Apostles chronicles the rapid advancement of the Gospel by way of the gift of the Holy Spirit. â€Å"The Holy Spirit in the Acts of the Apostles: The Charismatic Community in Mission† takes into account the narratives succeeding Pentecost including Spirit Baptisms from Samaria to Ephesus (ActsShow MoreRelatedPerspectives On Spirit Baptism : Comparative Analysis Paper1469 Words   |  6 PagesPerspectives on Spirit Baptism: Comparative Analysis Paper Nupur James Pentecostal Theology Pent 0505 Instructor: Peter Neumann Date: October 21, 2016 Spirit baptism has been an important topic in the Church for a really long time and while we discuss this topic we always have several questions rising about this issue. Churches have different perspective about the way they address the issue. The common question which arises with this topic are that, some of the Churches claimRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCreating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1335 Words

To Kill A Mockingbird follows Scout and Jem impacted by their father’s radical views in the 1930s. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is an iconic story with a great deal of dialogue. The dialogue and dialect in this story helps to reveal who the characters are. Dialect and dialogue in life help to create an image of a person as it does in fiction. Harper Lee uses dialogue and dialect to help bring her characters to life. Miss Maudie is depicted as selfless and educated. The same method also brings Calpurnia to life with the traits as accepting and protective. It also explores Atticus as wise and understanding man. Harper Lee develops Miss Maudie as a selfless educated woman through her dialogue and dialect. Miss Maudie faces her house being set aflame. Fire destroys her home and injures a neighbor Miss Maudie speaks with Scout and Jem about it. â€Å"‘Only thing I worried about last night was all the danger and commotion it caused. This whole neighborhood could have gone up. Mr. Avery’ll be in bed for a week - he’s right stove up’â€Å" (Lee 73). Miss Maudie has lost her home, a home she has lived in for years and she only cares about the danger and trouble it causes her neighbors. She choses to worry about them instead of pity herself in that moment. In another instance dialogue and dialect are used to develop Miss Maudie as a character. Scout asks Miss Maudie what her father means when he says â€Å"‘But remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird’†(Lee 90). Miss Maudie responds withShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Wo rds   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 2 8, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like T om Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establ ishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, her

Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Lifestyle â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Lifestyle? Answer: Introduction Marketing strategy and plan is one of the integral parts of an organisational behaviour that encourage it for an expansion into some other market (Baker, 2014). This can happen because of various reasons such as market saturation in the existing market. In such situations, efficient management feel this smarter to move to some other market while keeping the operation in the existing marketing as well. They move to other market in order to enhance their annual returns and to expand its market area to globalise the concept. Globalising the concept would bring them the much-needed benefits, which has become stagnant in the existing market. This assignment is also on the same theme (Gruber, MacMillan Thompson, 2013). The company chosen for this assignment is Ya Kun, which is headquartered in Singapore. The company has attained successes in the country; however, it has now reached to saturation. This is why the management has felt this wiser to move to some other potential market in orde r to attain a progressive trend for the annual returns. The management has decided to move to some other potential market such as India, Malaysia, Brunei, Maldives and Thailand (MENKHOFF EVERS, 2015). The main purpose of this assignment is to analyse the potentiality of the company in context to entering into the identified markets. In doing so, this assignment checks the company and its performance over all the required parameters such as external and internal environment analysis. Brief description of the company Ya Kun are arguably the most recognised coffee shop chains in Singapore. Ever since its inception in the year 1944 in Singapore, it never looked back. The opening was done as a coffee shop. Later, they developed their own trademark with their special kaya toast. The foundation was done as a coffee stall after the World War II; however, it really came into existence as coffee shop chains in the year 2001 in Singapore. Since then it has witnessed a huge expansion in the country and other parts of Asia. Currently, it has 40 outlets in Singapore. It is also operating in 30 other international locations altogether. One of the main reasons behind the success of the company is a mass popularity of its kaya toast. Long-term success can only be attained if innovation is delivered at the most suitable time (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Ya Kun have maintained the same strategy, which is highly evident in their strategy behind keeping the toast fresh and tasty. They do not believe in importing things from outside of the country. They rather believe in delivering the fresh, which is only possible if it is produced locally. They try to use various natural resources in order to keep their offerings fresh. For example, they offer plastic bags to carry the toast or other snacks. They rely on same supplier for getting all the required materials needed. The kaya toast and the coffee powder are manufactured at its factory in Bedok. These are some strategies, which enable them to offer fresh coffee and kaya toast to customers. They have not restricted them with coffee and toast only but they also offer snacks, beverages and much other stuff (Yakun.com, 2017). Mission and Vision Mission- The mission of the company is as follows (Yakun.com, 2017): To strive to preserve its uniqueness established ever since 1944 To propagate a belief that a fresh and good quality toast can produce friendship and partnership relations with the customers To attain a mission to offer its dual objectives, which is to provide the affordability and availability with its products To pursue an excellent customer service To position it at the forefront with innovation in production Vision- To establish the company as a household reputation in the country and the other parts of Asia (Yakun.com, 2017) Resources It is difficult to operations without the required different resources such as the human, capital, physical etc. Ya Kun Company like many other SMEs have smartly managed the requirement of capital flow. The expansion of the company in Singapore and the other parts of world has largely been accredited to its strategy to approach the franchisees. The different franchisees have helped the company in expanding to an elevated area of business in the country and the other parts of world. The company was able to penetrate into the market, which the company has no access with previously because of capital issues and the government regulations. Another interesting fact about the company is its human resource management, which has efficiently responded to the created urgency. The company relies heavily on recruiting the professionals and training them on the skills and the culture required to propagate the reputation that it carries. They have set certain criteria for selecting the candidate, which the aspirants need to agree in order to crack the interview. The criterion is to be punctual and to have willingness to work with flexible shifts. The training is carried on for two weeks in a row at its SAFRA Mount Faber outlet. The site offers a practical training program, which also include interacting with the live customers (bschool.nus.edu.sg, 2017). Current position Currently, the company is the second largest coffee chains in Singapore followed by ToastBox. Killiney Kopitiam is its other competitor. Ya Kun has maintained a progressive trend in the market; however, it is still a long way for the company to dislodge ToastBox from the top position. In terms of number of outlets, Ya Kun again comes at the second spot after ToastBox. Success of its marketing strategies They are efficient strategy maker in terms of marketing. Physically, they do unlike marketing of their products. For an example, they use wooden tables and tools in order to represent the Chinese culture. Additionally, unlike its competitors it offers limited menu with centred focus on their trademark product kaya toast. To connect to a wider audience, they also sell French toast and Toastwiches. They combine the meal with boiled eggs and beverage. They have kept prices slightly higher in its local outlets; however, it is still less expensive than the pricing at its overseas outlets. One of their unique marketing strategies is the use of recipe, which is only familiar with few Loi families. This is how they deliver a unique taste of coffee and kaya toast to the customers (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Microenvironment Singapore is a country where numerous different cultures exist. In other words, it means that there exists a variety of taste. Its stores have now become a compulsory one-visit store for most people living in Singapore. Customers of its different coffee shops are mainly the Asian people and those who belong to the other parts of world. They also need to recommend taste to select because most of the time customers find this difficult to understand the best taste for him or her. This is another interesting point that helps in attracting customers to its coffee outlets (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). There are mainly two competitors of Ya Kun Company in Singapore such as ToastBox and Killiney Kopitiam. ToastBox in particular has produced an enormous competition to the company. It is at the top position in Singapore in terms of number of outlets and the growth of sales. It is necessary for Ya Kun that it maintains a high standard quality of coffee, kaya toast and other snacks. This is necessary to enhance its sales. Singapore has become a business hub. It is also gaining popularity in the tourism industry. This is because of both the reasons it is necessary for the company to innovate with their offerings to attract a wider customer base (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Product/service analysis Unlike its competitors, Ye Kun is limited with the offerings; however, it has now opened up its arms of creative actions. The success story ever since its inception in the year 1944 has been the recipes that include soft-boiled eggs, toast layered with homemade kaya and fresh coffee. It has now also become a comfortable meal for most Singaporeans. The company has now become more creative with recipes in menu such as Toast Dipz. They have maintained their traditional legacy while agreeing to move with the pace of modern taste. The added product is just a mere example of such fact. They are doing this to reach out to younger customers. Such creative ideas have helped the company in producing many reasons for the customers to be in its coffee shops. They are also working with the Singapore Tourism Board to reach to a wider market. They are offering CapitalCard Promotion and discounted offers on Great Singapore Sale (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Based on above analysis the three kinds of products can be segmented as follows: Core- traditional coffee, kaya toast and even value meals Actual- different kinds of meals to satisfy the different kinds of needs, quality service food and significant brand value in the country Augmented- outlet locations are always close to business areas to make this convenient for the customers to visit, it has now become a significant place to meet with friends and conduct important meetings as well Target market The target market includes locals who have passion for traditional coffee and kaya toast. This also includes tourist, as Singapore has now become a significant tourist attraction. If it expands to some other parts of world such as Maldives, India, Malaysia and Thailand, it would target the local customers as well as the tourists coming from the other parts of world. The target market segmentation is like the following: Demographic- In this category, they have targeted young and middle age customers: 10-50 years old and elders: 50 years and above. This is rightly planned as well. These two age groups are the potential customers for coffee and snacks. Customers are both male and female. They are either married or single. Such business concept is for all income groups. Customers are not judged based on their race. They do this to reach to a wider customer base, which is very important to compete with its competitors (Wipo.int, 2017). Geographic- Geographically, they have targeted all the locals and the tourists who come to the country from other parts of world (Wipo.int, 2017). Behavioural- Those customers are targeted who are loyal and addictive to traditional coffee and kaya toast (Wipo.int, 2017). Psychographic- All those who fall within the lower to middle to upper class (Wipo.int, 2017) Competitive analysis They are competitive because they follow traditional footprint. They are also competitive because they use creative ideas to reach to a wider and enhanced customer base. Collaborating with the Singapore Tourism Board is one of such examples that show their utmost innovation for long-term business strategies. Introducing new taste such as Toast Dipz just shows that they are flexible enough to give space to change. The practical training given to shortlisted staffs in its training location with live customers just add values to their creativity. They are significantly behind to ToastBox in terms of sales growth and coffee outlets; however, they are a potential learner, which is good for a long-term business growth. Identifying the requirement to move to new markets such as Maldives, Malaysia, India and Thailand just show their capability to make justified decisions when it is required the most (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). Environmental analysis (PESTLE) Politically Singapore is a very stable country. The local government of the country has very encouraging thoughts, as it is evident in its decision to promote the country at the global platform in relation to tourism. They are favouring the growth of the country as the global tourism. Nevertheless, this would be beneficial for Ya Kun because it is already engaged in drawing the attention of tourists that come from the different parts of world (Aljunied, 2013). Singapores per capita growth in GDP is higher than even the few developed nations. The open trade policies have favoured mush more in becoming the centre as a business hub for many international companies. The country has also an advanced level of infrastructure, which is good for different kinds of business. The GDP growth and a highly developed infrastructure is a good sign for the business of Ya Kun Company. Locals of the country have high buying capability, which means that income is a least barrier in the success of the business. Additionally, foreign tourists are also the potential buyers (Vu, 2013). The population of the country is occupied with all the age groups. Additionally, it also has the population of tourists that are increasing with passage of time. The population is also a mixture of different cultures that represent different parts of world. It is indeed an opportunity for the Ya Kun Company that it has a large space to use its creativity to satisfy the needs of its target customers those who are young and middle age group people and elder ones (Swee-Hock, 2012). People living in this country are very comfortable with the English language. It has a very developed educational system, which means people are educated and qualified. This is indeed good for a further business of Ya Kun Company. It is a very safe city. It is one of few locations, which provide high supports to the infrastructure related development. This is one such factor, which is supportive for a progressive benefit of the companys business (Png Yoong, 2014). The Singaporean government is very ambitious on the technology part. Such tendency has already attracted much more investments from different parts of the world. The technological advancements of the country and the curiosity of the local government in relation to various technology adoptions have provided an enormous opportunity to the Ya Kun Company. Nevertheless, business operations in the country are supported by utmost set of technologies that is very important for the coffee business (Chatterji, 2016). The legal framework in the country is very favourable to the business. The rights of every business are protected with utmost strategies of the local government. The local government of the country does not let biasness happen with any company. This further means that companies can freely operate their business and would get fair chances of expansion (Ganguli, 2014). Environment The country has lost a significant area of mangrove, which is a matter of worry. However, the country has been successful in reducing the content of carbon from air. This is a remarkable achievement, which also creates potential aspects in the country for foreign investors. This has produced ample of opportunities for the Ya Kun Company to explore its creativity in front of a wide range of people and business (Lai et al., 2015). SWOT analysis Strengths- Mixing up traditional touch with the modern taste is one of the strengths of the company. Using innovative marketing strategies such as working in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board to attract the tourists is another strength, which makes them potential business company. Positioning the coffee house near to business areas is another strength that catches much attention (Iesingapore.gov.sg, 2017). Weaknesses- They have expanded to many foreign locations; however, they have not yet entered into some potentially developing markets such as India, Malaysia, Thailand and Maldives. India in particular is a potential location because of the highly incrementing population and an equally incrementing per capita GDP growth (Ahluwalia Little, 2012). Opportunities- Singapore market has now reached to saturation level. However, there are some other potential market such as India, Malaysia, Maldives and Brunei, which have ample of opportunities in them for coffee business (Mukherjee, White Wuyts, 2013). Threats- There is no such threat in Singapore because the business has now reached to a saturation level in the country. However, it might face some challenges in the target countries such as in India where there are many local and international leading companies such as CCD and Barista (Chengappa et al., 2014). There marketing objectives are as follows: To reach to a wider range of customers through effective marketing strategies such as working in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board Mixing up traditional flavour with the modern taste to attract younger generations Opening up shops close to different business places to attract maximum customers There financial objectives are as follows: To approach to a large number of franchisees in order to expand the business to a larger area To maintain the capital flow with a continuous expanding relationships with the franchisees It include traditional coffee, Kaya Toast, value meals, Toast Dipz, beverages etc. It has well designed to capture a wider customer base from younger to middle aged to elder people. Integrative marketing communication objectives The integrative marketing communication objectives include the following: To reach to a wider customers through every possible strategy that also include physical promotion such as opening up outlets at the business places To use different social media platforms such as Twitter to get close to the locals and tourists Creative approach/ Message strategy They have different promotional stunts such as opening up outlets close to business places, offering discounted offers to tourists in collaboration with the Singapore Tourism Board. They are also opening up stores at the airports to attract maximum foreign customers towards the brand. Integrative marketing communication options considered They have considered physical promotions such as opening up outlets near to airports and business areas. They also prefer using social media platforms such as Twitter to interact with the locals and the tourists. They also offer discounted offers to the tourists in order to attain a wider reception. Recommendation for IMC plan To use PR activities in order to get close to their customers and understand their requirements. This would help in improving their service further. Monitoring and evaluation of the program The monitoring and evaluation of the program is done by looking into the responses at the different platforms such as the followings at the Twitter. The price for different offering is little costlier in locals; however, it is less expensive to what it is in its global outlets. Their place of operation include majority of business places in Singapore. They are also operating in some other parts of world such as China, UAE. They have planned to expand into India, Malaysia, Maldives, Thailand and Brunei. It includes core ingredient, interactive staffs and skilled employees. It includes various such as legendary service, wooden tables tools and interacting with the tourists through discounted offers on shopping. Physical distribution Clean, friendly environment with wooden tables tools Beverages, snacks, kaya toast, coffee etc. Implementation and control They consider the implementation of various things such as offering discounts to tourists on their shopping with the help from Singapore Tourism Board. They mix up innovation with tradition to attract the younger generations. They control the process through different strategies such as they train employees through live interactions with customers. This strategy can effectively reduce any chances of shortcomings in the customer service. Conclusion Ya Kun are a progressive company that smartly operates with intelligently thoughts. This is why the company has attained a significant position in the hearts of Singaporeans as well as the foreign tourists to this country. The decision to enter the other potential markets such as India, Thailand, Malaysia, Maldives and Brunei would be attainable for the company as they are capable to foster a good entry. However, they need to prepare a thorough documentation comprising of market entry strategies before entering the market to prevent them from any loss. References Ahluwalia, I. J., Little, I. M. D. (2012).India's economic reforms and development: Essays for Manmohan Singh. Oxford University Press. Aljunied, K. (2013, November). Coffee-shops in colonial Singapore: Domains of contentious publics. InHistory Workshop Journal(Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 65-85). Oxford University Press. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. bschool.nus.edu.sg (2017). [online] bschool.nus.edu.sg. Available at: https://bschool.nus.edu.sg/Portals/0/images/Media/PrintMedia/2011/Sep/20110901_Success%20formula%20of%20a%20home%20grown%20SME_SPRING.pdf [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Chatterji, M. (Ed.). (2016).Technology transfer in the developing countries. Springer. Chengappa, P. G., Rich, K. M., Muniyappa, A., Yadava, C. G., Ganashruthi, M. K., Pradeepa, B. B., ... Rich, M. (2014). Sustainability coffee certification in India: Perceptions and Practices. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Ganguli, S. K. (2014). Dividend, Minority Shareholders, Legal Protection, and Firm Value: Evidence from Singapore. Gruber, M., MacMillan, I. C., Thompson, J. D. (2013). Escaping the prior knowledge corridor: What shapes the number and variety of market opportunities identified before market entry of technology start-ups?.Organization Science,24(1), 280-300. Iesingapore.gov.sg. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.iesingapore.gov.sg/-/media/IE-Singapore/Files/TastySingapore/Brand-Ambassadors/YaKun.ashx?la=en [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Lai, S., Loke, L. H., Hilton, M. J., Bouma, T. J., Todd, P. A. (2015). The effects of urbanisation on coastal habitats and the potential for ecological engineering: A Singapore case study.Ocean Coastal Management,103, 78-85. MENKHOFF, T., EVERS, H. D. (2015). Singapore: From Knowledge City to Start-Up'Hub'. Mukherjee, C., White, H., Wuyts, M. (2013).Econometrics and data analysis for developing countries. Routledge. Png, M. E., Yoong, J. S. Y. (2014). Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification versus metformin therapy for the prevention of diabetes in Singapore.PLoS One,9(9), e107225. Swee-Hock, S. (2012).The population of Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Vu, K. M. (2013). Information and communication technology (ICT) and Singapores economic growth.Information Economics and policy,25(4), 284-300. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Wipo.int (2017). [online] Wipo.int. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2573 [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Yakun.com. (2017).Ya Kun Kaya Toast. [online] Available at: https://www.yakun.com/ [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017].

Reflecting the Horrors of War

Thesis revised People learn more about the horrors of war through literature but do not infer from experience they gain; the only way they apply the knowledge about the war is the development of more sophisticated weapon to kill people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting the Horrors of War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, literature can be considered one of the most effective ways to reflect the war in terms of reasons, results, stories of people and their families, feelings and emotions, actions and virtues. Does the war help people to understand the values of life and demonstrate their virtues? I would like to review the works of literature the authors of which managed to show how horrible the war is so that successive generations did not want to solve the conflicts in this way. The war is one of the most widely-spread and talked-about concepts of the contemporary society. The history should no t be forgotten; it has to be reflected in literature for other people to learn the examples and know how destructive the mankind can be. The relations between the people during the war were not clear, especially regarding the World War II when the concept of racism was advanced in terms of treating people rather than their skills, virtues, or features. In this respect, many people try to listen only to the stories about brave men who can come to rescue. However, in the beginning of the book The Complete Maus: Maus I – A Survivor’s Tale; Maus II – And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman, the father tells the author: â€Å"It would take many books, my life, and no one wants anyway to hear such stories† (14). The images of mice use to depict Jews are bright and lively showing how horrible the war is in spite of the fact that people do not like to hear true storues. The responsibility is a concept that has little relation to war because no one would clai m that he/she started the war and made all those people suffer. Some Americans cannot still forget the horrors of the Vietnam War whereas the invasion of Iraq became another topic for literary tragedy. As such, people suffer from the consequences of war which did not even finish because soldiers die leaving families without â€Å"Our fathers—our coaches, our teachers, our barbers, our cooks, our gas-station attendants and UPS deliverymen and deputies and firemen and mechanics—our fathers† (Percy, par. 8).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most horrible thing is that the representatives of the government responsible for those victims of the war including soldiers and their families do not realize how many people are affected and how damaging and destructing the entire war conflict is. Some people think that war is romantic in some way showing us heroes that bravely fight against the enemies. However, their attitude towards war is shaped in accordance with the principles advocated and propagated in media. On the contrary, the horrors of war are the same no matter how many time have passed since the last shot. The World War I seems to be far away though its reflections are still engraved in the world history because it affected many countries and many people died or lost people their knew and loved. The poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen was inspired by the events of this war demonstrating the horrors of military operations. The author tells about the gas and the reaction of a human organism when one can do nothing to prevent the reaction: But someone still was yelling out and stumbling and floundering like a man in fire or lime (Owen, lines 11-12). This poem ends with a statement that the famous Latin exhortation about the excitement from dying for the mother land is the lies. Works Cited Percy, Benjamin. â€Å"Refresh, R efresh.† The Paris Review 175, (2005): n. pag. Web. Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus: Maus I – A Survivor’s Tale; Maus II – And Here My Troubles Began. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1997. Print. Owen, Wilfred. â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est.† N. pag. Web. http://english.emory.edu/LostPoets/Dulce.html.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting the Horrors of War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Reflecting the Horrors of War was written and submitted by user Night Thrasher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Struggle for Power Theme in Frankenstein essays

Struggle for Power Theme in Frankenstein essays Many scenes in Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, depict the two main characters, Victor Frankenstein and the creature, in an intimate setting where both take the role of what might be called the master and the slave. From their first meeting right after the monsters making to Victors death at the end, the novel depicts a struggle for power between creator and creation. The first scene with Frankenstein and the creature is possibly the first time a master and slave relationship is shared between the two characters in the novel. In the chapter of the creatures creation, Victor is alone with the progress of his work thus far. Even with the body of the creature inanimate, it is clear to see Victor playing this role of master. Without Frankenstein, the body would remain without life, worthless and dead. The body needs Frankenstein for its existence of life itself. Victor eventually performs the masterful act of instilling a life for the motionless matter; he grants his slave, the creature, an opportunity to live. He even views himself as the creatures master when he states, I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet (Frankenstein, 60). The picture of a slave bowing at a masters feet is taken literally in this scene. Not only does Frankenstein have a subconscious image of his mastery, he also makes it a realit y by placing the creature beneath him. The act of giving life the way Frankenstein did might be considered both cruel and loving. Life, to most, is a blessing. Most world religions view time on earth as a means of proving worth to some higher being or beings. Without this time, one would not be with meaning. In this manner, Frankensteins act was a loving one and regarded as a blessing to the creature. On the other hand, he did not take into consideration the creatures wishes when bringing him i...

6 Common Negative Thoughts And How To Combat Them

6 Common Negative Thoughts And How To Combat Them We’ve been there: in a terrible state of mind, while people keep telling you to think â€Å"happy thoughts.† It’s enough to drive you nuts. But hear us out: positivity and, yes, â€Å"happy thoughts† can actually have a major impact on your success in your career and your life- while negative thoughts, or in particular, â€Å"cognitive distortions,† can have a massively bad impact on both. Here are some strategies for how to identify negative thoughts and cognitive distortions, and how to overcome them. We hope you can free yourself of all that unnecessary shame, self-pity, fear, and resentment and get back to the good vibes.1. I don’t have enough time.No one really feels like they have enough hours in their day to accomplish everything they need or want to accomplish. But being busy doesn’t always have to be a source of stress. You’re making the most of life- and probably being much more productive. If you have too much on your plate, try simplifying your schedule a bit. Remember, you’re in charge of your own calendar. Then count your business as a blessing.2. I’m not enough.Impostor syndrome, and generally feeling you’re not as qualified as your peers, is very common. But just remember that you’re probably holding yourself to a much higher standard than you would anyone else. Give yourself a break. Step away from social media for a while. Stop comparing yourself constantly to others (and to others’ online avatars). And start focusing on what you’re doing instead.3. This is going to be a catastrophe.Okay, worrywart. â€Å"Catastrophizing† is a thing. The â€Å"what-ifs† are constantly plaguing you with horrible disasters and tragedies as the result of some of your simplest actions. Try to take a step back from your worries and remind yourself of some calming statistics. Don’t avoid life because you’re afraid it might be unsafe.4. It can only be either/or.Either I ace this presentation, or I’m going to be fired. Because I screwed up at that meeting, I’m never going to earn my boss’s trust. These are examples of polarized, or black and white thinking, and they’re not doing you any good. Remember that there is always middle ground, a grey area, and a chance to redeem yourself if you make a small (or large) mistake.5. That’s it- I’m doomed.Just because one thing happened that wasn’t great doesn’t mean that similar bad things will continue happening to you. And don’t make assumptions based on what you think might be going on. Say your boss talked over you in the meeting. Don’t leap to the conclusion that she hates you or that your job is in jeopardy. Try to imagine the thousand other reasons she may have had not to give you your turn with the talking stick.6. I’m a total failure.Life goes on. Even if you did something stupid or embarrassing, t he sting is not going to last. Even if you have no idea what you’re doing and are in very much over your head, there is always an opportunity to dig your way out by gaining competence and confidence. Focus on how to turn each â€Å"failure† into an opportunity for greater success.

Art of the 19th Century Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art of the 19th Century - Assignment Example Lastly, the paper provides a summary of the main content discussed whilst creating understanding of modernism within modern art. Romanticism If there is any intellectual or artistic movement that swept the world arena from the Middle Age then it is the romanticism movement. Through its origin and influence romanticism swept the world completely thereby starting up the fire of arts. From its inception in 1770s, romanticism started in Germany and England spreading fast into other regions of the world. No doubt, folklore and popular arts were applied extensively to spread the aspect of romanticism movement within the art arena or field (Rosenblum and Janson 56). Different aspects are associated with romanticism movement. Such aspects include nationalism, exoticism, emotion, gothic romance, medievalism, individualism, nature, and religion amongst others. These aspects made romanticism movement within the artistic world to spread very fast. Basically, romanticism is a movement within arti stic world whose wave swept the world. With such wave, romanticism like enlightenment led to realism paving way for other movements such as impressionism and neo-classicism. Despite being a way to impressionism and other artistic movements, romanticism has not been replaced and it keeps on going and influencing many artists. Films and arts have continuously employed aspects of romanticism movement despite the many years that it has existed in the artistic arena (Rosenblum and Janson 78). With respect to perception on realism/impressionism, romanticism has been on the forefront in making sure that art and films in the world attain the desired status while conveying the required message. Impressionism to Van Gogh’s Post-Impressionist Other than romanticism, there are different aspects of arts that have continuously been in art arena. As the main feature of paintings and sculpture styles in the 19th century, impressionism was considered a phenomenon that led to different art for ms such as literature, film making, and photography. Impressionism is an artistic style associated with Paris-based artists since 19th century. Some of the aspects of impressionism included paintings that were relatively small, thin, having open composition, had lights with changing qualities, and visible strokes of brush amongst others (Rosenblum and Janson 98). These aspects of artistic paintings made an avenue for post-impressionism artistic style. Nonetheless, impressionism was a style that included human perception as well as experience. Analogues styles emerged from impressionism artistic movement. Impressionism used the concept that human eye is a good and marvelous instrument in making judgments regarding artistic paintings and sculptures. While employing the concept of human eye to make judgment on arts, Vincent Willem van Gogh employed so much use of bold colors as well as emotional impact to create his paintings. The colors and emotional impact was meant to attract human perception visible through the marvelous instrument, the eye. The change of impressionism to post-impressionism was based on emotions. In fact, post-impressionism is an artistic style that is emotionally based as opposed to impression-based in the case of impressionism (Rosenblum and Janson 35). Impressionism moved to post-impressionism through psychological and expressive choice of color for various sculptures and paintings in the

Impact of the recent financial crisis to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Essay

Impact of the recent financial crisis to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Korea - Essay Example The crisis left devastating impacts on the economies of the four countries (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Korea) as discussed below. The 2007/2008 financial crisis left the four countries with huge financial debts borrowed from the developed economies (Lin, 2014). Generally, most south East Asian states including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Korea had borrowed huge loans before the crisis to rebuild their economy after the Asian crisis that had happened previously. The crisis reappeared in a time when the countries were struggling to repay the loans borrowed for economy reconstruction after the Asian crisis. This placed a heavy burden on respective countries thereby retarding their development progress. These states are still paying the loans acquired before financial crisis set foot in Asia. The financial crisis hiked the cost of living to more than double in the four countries. up to date, the residents in the four countries go through very difficult times because job opportunities are still few and the available jobs are underpaying (Klein & Shabbir, 2007). Furthermore, foreign investors returned back to their countries and the domestic investment has performed poorly since then. Basically, low investments (both domestic and foreign investments) in a country results in inadequate job opportunities and consequently, high poverty levels. The crisis weakened the local currencies of Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Korea which caused these nations a huge fortune in terms of time and resources to reconstruct their economies. Poor performance of the local currencies made exports cheap wealthy nations seized the opportunity to develop their economies (Jensen, 2010). Moreover, depreciation of local currencies negatively affected local investment due to dumping by foreign investors. Additionally, depreciation of local currencies in the respective states during and after the crisis led to less demand of domestic products

Ermo Essay Example for Free

Ermo Essay Ermo, directed by Zhou Xiaowen in 1994, takes place in the 1980’s when China first began to actively accept the concept of globalization. â€Å"Ermo, where the title character as the strong-willed wife of an emasculated husband† (Tang 654), explores the issues of being a matriarch as well as an individual with her own interests and desires. Compared with traditional Chinese women who were relegated to taking care of the household, Ermo is drastically different because she is the one who attends to the financial needs of her family by selling twisty noodles. Although she is a poor, peasant woman whose life revolves around the responsibilities of taking care of of her family, Ermo harbors secret ambitions which she longs to someday achieve. Fueled by her ambitions, Ermo works day and night to fulfill her aims even as she attends to her loved one’s needs. Her characteristic as responsible matriarch can also be seen when she risks her health by selling large quantities of her blood in order to earn quick money. In the film, every action that Ermo takes is a result of her free will; she is not forced or coerced to do so. Everything that she does, she does for the love of her family. The female lead in the movie is willing to do anything to support her family, which is a marked characteristic of contemporary Chinese films. The role of Ermo is a strong departure from the traditional roles of women in Chinese society. Ermo’s profession is examined in two ways: Noodle seller during the day and noodle maker during the night. In the very beginning of the film, the shot shows her as a noodle-seller on the street, peddling bunches of twisty noodles that she herself made. She yells â€Å"mai mahua mian lou† (twisty noodle for sale) (Ciecko 2) constantly. This scene particularly emphasizes her profession and skills for selling twisty noodles. There are also several close-up shots of her foot while she is making noodle dough. Ermo kneads flour with her feet, and she does it expertly, never dropping any of flour. This shot makes a statement as to the technical skills her work requires and the passion and dedication with which Ermo does her job. While generally regarded as a lowly job, it is actually a very demanding job requiring sophisticated skills. The opportunity to pursue a rewarding career among Chinese women is a fairly recent development because the women in China never had the opportunity to choose their job. Ermo’s desire can be read in various ways: desire for a better life, desire for a fulfilling sexual relationship, and desire for self-determination. Ermo’s â€Å"wish for a new life with a [Blindman, the richest guy in the town] after an amorous night halfway between town and village, expresses her desire to desire and constitutes an inspired revision of reality† (Tang, 668). This satisfies both her sexual desire and desire for better life. She also desires for having the biggest TV in her town, which at first may seem materialistic, but may actually be construed for her need to achieve and be acknowledged for her accomplishments. Although she says that she needs to buy the TV for her son so that he does not have to go to their neighbor’s house to watch, it is really her own aspiration to show people who she really is. Based on strong Confucian society, Chinese women have been traditionally relegated to the sidelines, but as China begins to open itself to changes, so do Chinese women begin to evolve and come out into their own. As examined above, â€Å"the central events in Ermo reflect a new stage in the development of contemporary Chinese society† (Tang, 663). As portrayed in this modern Chinese film, women are able to attend to their family without necessarily having to sacrifice their own dreams and ambitions in the process.

Measure for Measure Essay: The Virtuous Isabella -- Measure for Measur

The Virtuous Isabella in Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measure for Measure is not a celebration of family values, the play points towards both the political virtuosity, which sustains the comic, and the humbler self-knowledge that preserves the integrity of the virtuoso. Human virtue can only be chosen in freedom, but we need not deny ourselves the opportunity of ensuring that this choice is not stifled by the subtly related powers of abstract intellectualism and carnal necessity    Isabella in Measure for Measure personifies innocent virtue. Isabella offers an example of the highest possible character; since she will not sacrifice her own honor or her brother's in order to save her brother's life.   She holds strong convictions as far as her morals are concerned, and considers her own soul and salvation. Pure; intelligent; beautiful, her outer beauty a reflection of her inner purity; loving, hers is an untested virtue that withstands the ultimate trial as shown in her appeal for mercy towards Angelo whom she believes to have ordered the execution of her brother. This action overcomes the questions aroused about her character when she is unwilling to sacrifice her virtue to save her brother's life. To finally allay all doubt as to how Isabella is "measured," the Duke's proposal at the end of the play stands as proof she has passed the test.    Isabella understands her chastity in a way that is largely similar to Angelo's austere virtue. We first meet her at the convent where she is about to become a nun, pleading for stricter restraint and discipline in an order already notorious for its austerity. Once she has taken her final vows, she will no longer be able to hold normal conversation with men:      "If yo... ...to plague and punish us."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's Isabella is portrayed as an upright young woman who remains true to her ideals. In human relationships ideals can be found out of line when in opposition to another's ideals, but this does not lessen Isabella's virtuous character in the least.      Works Cited and Consulted: Knight, G. Wilson. The Wheel of Fire: Essays in Interpretation of Shakespeare's Sombre Tragedies. London: Oxford UP, 1930. Leech, Clifford. "The 'Meaning' of Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Survey 3 1950 Rossiter, A. P. Angel with Horns and Other Shakespeare Lectures. Ed. Graham Storey. London: Longmans, Green, 1961. Shakespeare, William. William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Alfred Harbage. 1969. Baltimore: Penguin, 1971. http://www.online-literature.com/view.php/measure/4?term=isabella      

Capital Markets and Market Efficiency

Part 1 The Efficient market hypothesis states that all financial markets are efficient in their use of information to determine prices. This means that investors cannot expect to achieve excess profits that are more than the average market profits with similar risk factors, given all available information at the current time of investment, aside from through some form of luck. In part 1 of this report we will discuss the three different forms of market efficiency that Eugene Fama identified in her 1970 report. These can be explained as follows: 1) Weak form efficiency Fama (1970) observes that a market is efficient in weak form if past returns cannot be used to predict current stock price changes. It also assumes that prices on assets that are traded publicly already have and use all available information on the stock at any moment in time. It therefore stands to reason that the weak form of the market efficiency hypothesis means that past returns on stock are uncorrelated with future returns on the same stock. Future prices cannot be predicted by studying carefully the past prices of the stock. Excess returns cannot be earned over an extended period of time by using investment strategies that are based only upon the historical prices of shares or differing forms of historical analysis. This means that this style of technical analysis will not be able to produce high levels of returns on a consistent basis for investors. Overall one cannot expect future price changes to be predicted by using the past stock prices. Simply put weak form efficiency a ssumes that historical analysis on past stock data is of no use in predicting future price changes on stocks. 2) Semi-strong efficiency The semi-strong market efficiency form progresses from the aforementioned weak form market efficiency by stating that markets can adjust easily and very quickly to new information that is provided about various stocks. Fama (1970: 383) cites semi- strong efficiency as â€Å"whether prices efficiently adjust to other information that is publicly available. e.g. announcements of stock splits, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here it is assumed that asset prices fully reflect all of the publicly available information on the stocks meaning that only those investors who manage to possess additional unique information about the stocks could have an advantage over the market to make large gains. This form also asserts that any price outliers are found quickly and on this basis the stock market manages to adjust. In a semi-strong form efficiency share prices are able to react quickly to new information made available publicly in a quick manner so that no large returns can be gained from using the recent information. This leads us to imply that neither fundamental analysis or technical analysis will be able to produce consistent excess returns. Strong-form efficiency Strong-form efficiency assumes that prices reflect completely any type of new information about the market be that public or private information. Fama (1970: 383) says that strong form tests are concerned with â€Å"whether given investors or groups have monopolistic access to any information relevant for formation†, however Fama claims that the efficient hypothesis model still stands up well. The strong form claims the market price also includes different forms of insider information and not solely public information, and this is how it differs from the semi-strong form. The implications of this is that no one at all can therefore have any kind of advantage over the market in prediction of the stock prices as no possible additional data exists which would provide additional value to any investor. However, if any legal barriers exist which prevents the spread of useful information, such as insider trading laws for example, then this form of market efficiency is not possible. Part 2 The Efficient Markets Hypothesis was introduced by Eugene Fama in 1970. The main idea of the Efficient Market Hypothesis is predominantly that market prices must take into account all available information at any given point. Therefore meaning that no one can outperform the market by using readily available public information aside from through luck. A market is said to be efficient if the price fully reflects information about that market, for example if the price of the stock would be unaffected if all information surrounding it was revealed to all stakeholders in that market. Part two of this report will be critically discussing the evidence for and against the Efficient Market Hypothesis and whether it is possible to exploit market inefficiencies. The implications for investors and companies of the Efficient Markey Hypothesis will also be considered. Arguments For the Efficient Market Hypothesis To begin with following the birth of the efficient market hypothesis the theory was widely accepted, and it was widely assumed that the markets were very efficient in taking this information into account (Malkiel, 2003). It was accepted that when information came to the fore this would spread rapidly and would then be incorporated almost instantaneously into the share prices without hesitation. This meant that technical analysis, study of prior stock prices, nor any analysis of relevent information of a financial sense would lead an investment to achieve more successful returns than holding random stocks which have a comparable risk factor. Dimson and Mussavian (1998) observe that the evidence accumulated during the 1960s and 1970s was consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis view. There was a substantial backing for the weak and semi strong Efficient Market Hypothesis forms. Even though more recent times have seen an attack against the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Roll (1994) still observes that it remains incredibly difficult to make a high level of profit on a consistent basis even with the wildest variants of stock market efficiency. These violations of market efficiency are often sporadic events that do not last for a period of time. This can be seen by looking at the fact that on the whole profitable investment successes are referred to on a consistent basis as outliers (Dimson and Mussavian, 1998). Malkiel (2005: 2) says that: the strongest evidence suggesting that markets are generally quite efficient is that professional investors do not beat the market. Indeed, the evidence accumulated over the past 30-plus years makes me more convinced than ever that our stock markets are remarkably efficient at adjusting correctly to new information. This is showing that the markets must be efficient due to the fact that professional investors do not on the whole beat the market, and therefore all available information must be taken into account by the market prices and thus there is no gain to be had by any investors by using past prices, or publicly or privately readily available information. Arguments against the Efficient Market Hypothesis Malkiel (2003: 60) observes that by the beginning of the twenty first century â€Å"the intellectual dominance of the efficient market hypothesis had become far less universal† and academics were starting to question the premise and were not accepting it as they had done previously. Shiller (2003 ; 83) states that, â€Å"[contained in the EMH is] the idea that speculative asset prices such as stock prices always incorporate the best information about fundamental values and that prices change only because of good, sensible information.† However he then moves on to discuss how not all information is sensible and not all actors are rational, this would conflict with the efficient market hypothesis which relies on information having a large impact on the prices of stock. As well as this several recent reports have shown a range of empirical evidence which suggests that stock returns can actually possess components of a predictable nature, therefore also rejecting parts of the efficient market hypothesis which profess that looking at past trends do not allow for excess gains when investing on the stocks against the market. Keim and Stambaugh (1986) state that using forecasts based on a number of factors can find statistically significant predictability in a range of different stock prices. Lo and MacKinlay (1988) reject the random walk hypothesis, which is so often considered with the efficient market hypothesis theory, and show that it is not at all consistent with the stochastic nature of weekly returns. Empirical evidence of return behaviour which has been anomalous in the form of variables such as price to earnings ratio (Fama and French, 1992) has defied any kind of usual rational explanation and has resulted in a great number of researchers cons idering their views and opinions of market efficiency. Evaluation and Implications for Investors In conclusion, it is clear to see that market prices are not always predictable and that the markets have made large errors at certain points in time, for example at the recent dotcom internet bubble. Here it was obviously possible to exploit the market inefficiency to make money for investors. In the short run it may be possible to exploit these sporadic inefficiencies, but in the long term true value will always come to the fore. As long as these markets do exist, due to it being reliant on the judgement of investors, there will occasionally be errors made and some participants In the market are likely to behave in a less than rational manner, as is inherent in human nature. As well as this all information will not necessarily be sensible and investors are not likely to necessarily use it rationally. Thus irregular pricing or predictable patterns on stocks can appear and be exploited from time to time. In terms of the implications for investors in terms of the efficient market hypothesis, it is plain to see that all markets cannot be one hundred percent efficient all of the time or there would not be an incentive for people who are professionals in the field to discover different facets of information that is often quickly reflected by market prices (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980). However, things such as the 1999 dot com bubble are exceptions rather than the rule to providing investors with extraordinary returns on their investments to exploit market inefficiencies. Therefore one could assume that the markets are efficient more often than not, and Fama (1970) is on the whole correct. This could lead to the conclusion in agreeing with Ellis (1998) and the overall idea that active equity management is indeed a ‘loser’s game’. Malkiel (2005) further advises on Ellis’ claim and professes that indexing is likely to produce higher rates of return than active por tfolio management. This is becoming more and more likely to impact investors as markets become more and more efficient, as Toth and Kertesz (2006) show in their examination of an increase in efficiency of the New York stock exchange. Therefore investors are required to question if it is indeed possible or feasible to exploit market inefficiencies using strategies the efficient market hypothesis calls into question. Bibliography Dimson, E. and Mussavian, M. (1998). ‘A Brief History of Market Efficiency’. European Financial Management. 4(1): 91-103. Ellis, C. (1998). Winning the Loser’s Game, McGraw-Hill: New York. Fama. E.G, (1970). ‘Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work’. The Journal of Finance. 25(2): 383-417 Fama, E. and French, K. (1988) ‘Dividend yields and expected stock returns’. Journal of Financial Economics.(22): 3-25. Fama, E. and French, K. (1992). ‘Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds’. Journal of Financial Economics. (33): 3-56. Grossman, S. and J, Stiglitz. (1980). ‘On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets.’ American Economic Review. 70(3). 393-408. Keim and Stambaugh (1986). ‘Predicting returns In the Stock and Bond Markets’. Journal of Financial Economics. 357-290. Lo and MacKinlay. (1988) ‘Stock Market prices do not follow random walks : Evidence from a simple specification test’. Review of Financial Studies. (1): 41-66. Malkiel, B. (2003). ‘The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics Authors’. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1): 59-82 Malkiel, B. (2005). ‘Reflections on the Efficient Market Hypothesis: 30 Years Later’. The Financial Review (40):1-9 Shiller, R. (2003). ‘From Efficient Markets Theory to Behavioral Finance’. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 17(1) : 83-104. Toth, B. and Kertesz, J. (2006). ‘Increasing market efficiency: Evolution of cross-correlations of stock returns’. Physica 360(2): 505–515.

Pocari Sweat Essay

This assignment deals with advertising and it’s concepts. So to start off we’d like to explain certain terms: Advertising is more than just a means of disseminating product information. It is a primary communication tool of our economic system and our culture. In other words it could be defined as † a purposive communication to a target market, which assists in selling by drawing attention to the characteristics of a product which will appeal to the buying motives of customers in the target segment of the market†. Advertising is mainly used for the following purposes: To support sales increase; To encourage trial; To create awareness; To inform about a feature or benefit; To create an image; To modify attitudes; To gain trade and sales staff support. There are three different kinds of advertisements: (1) Informative advertisement: This advertisement conveys information and raises consumer awareness of the product. These are common in early stages of the product life cycle. (2) Persuasive advertising: This advertisement is concerned with creating a desire for the product and stimulating actual purchase. This is mostly used for well-established products, which are in growth/maturity stages of the  product life cycle. (3) Reminding advertising: It is to remind consumers about the product or organization, or the benefits they (consumers) are receiving from buying the product. Advertising has an ethical and moral responsibility to deal honestly with its portrayal of society. Individual companies are judged by their own advertising, and the effectiveness of advertising is dependent on the overall attitude of customers towards advertising generally. (Q) What does advertising do for consumers? One of the most important roles of advertising is showing people how to solve problems. Effective advertising must start from premises, â€Å"Does my product help people?† The major trend in modern advertising is making the consumer the focus of the marketing process. Organizations find that starting with the consumer creates a relationship in which products are designed for the consumers rather than having to convince consumers that a preexisting product is the one they want. (Q) What does advertising does for business? Without advertising, businesses would not be able to bring new products to the attention of enough consumers fast enough to make the enormous cost of creating, developing, manufacturing, and distributing the products practical. In other words, advertising is both a tool and requirement of an abundant economy. (Q) What does advertising does for society? Advertising has both intended and unintended results. Obviously, the intended result of most advertising is to contribute to the profitable sales of product. In addition to its economic role, advertising revenues support a diverse and independent press system protected from government and special  interest control. As a key communication link in the process, it also is a major stimulant to vigorous economic growth and stability. However, there is a growing awareness that advertising must move beyond single-minded concerns with profitability. There is increasing agreement that advertising must be created in an atmosphere that considers a number of ethical factors. A recent survey of advertising agency executives found that they faced six major ethical considerations in conducting business: 1. Treating clients fairly; 2. Creating honest, no misleading, socially desirable ads; 3. Representing unhealthy, useless, or unethical products; 4. Representing clients whose products/services are unhealthy and unneeded; 5. Treating suppliers, vendors, and media fairly; 6. Treating other agencies fairly. It is to the benefit of advertising and society in general that ethical issues are in the forefront of discussion concerning the practice of advertising. Now that we have seen what advertising is and how it deals with various people and organizations it is easy to set the objectives of advertising. These are likely to be the following: To communicate certain information about a product. This is perhaps the most important objective. To highlight specific features of a product which make it different from the  competitors. The concept of the unique selling proposition (USP) is that by emphasizing a unique feature, which appeals to a customer need. To build up a brand or company image through corporate advertising. To reinforce customer behavior. Influencing dealers and resellers to stock the items (on as much shelf-space as possible). In case of government advertising. To achieve a policy objective. A successful ad: The content of an advertisement is determined largely by the objective of the advertising and the motivation of the potential customer. An advertisement should present information, which leads to a greater awareness of the product. It should be an attention-getter and may excite amusement or emotions such as fear, but inciting these feelings should not be allowed to be the only effect of the advertisement. Advertising will be most successful if the following conditions apply: a) The product should have characteristics, which lend themselves to advertising. 1. It should be distinctive and identifiable. 2. It should stimulate emotional buying. 3. If at point of sale a customer can refute an advertisement claim simply by inspecting the product, advertising will achieve no sales at all. b) There should be consistency throughout the sales operation. Advertising, the activities of salesperson and dealers, branding, packaging and pricing should all promote the same product image. c) There should be co-operation between advertising staff and all other  activities in the company. Product design, production, distribution, selling and financial operations should all combine to achieve customer orientation and maximum selling efficiency. After all the facts now let’s move on to our product and its advertisement. We have chosen POCARI SWEAT as our product. A Japanese company known as Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. launched Pocari Sweat in 1980. Under the company philosophy, â€Å"Otsuka – meaning – people creating new products for better health worldwide†, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. is an R&D-oriented corporation with a central focus on pharmaceuticals and consumer products. Through innovative products, OPC hopes to make a difference in curing illnesses and maintaining people’s everyday health. The name POCARI SWEAT is a JAPLISH word (Japanese & English). ‘POCARI’ sounds relaxing, easeful, and light to Japanese people. It doesn’t mean any English word. We know that ‘SWEAT’ has dirty image in English. Then why did the company use such a word?† Actually ‘SWEAT’ has meanings of diligence, efforts, and refreshing ness in Japan, which shows their importance to work, their culture and belief. So that’s how the word came – POCARI SWEAT! Most of Japanese people call POCARI SWEAT as â€Å"POCARI.† We rarely call its full name. We suppose that people have western-like image to â€Å"sweat† especially; Since, POCARI SWEAT has been a very famous and popular name, they (the company) cannot change its name. This company also manufactures various other products like: Ornamin-C (Energy Drink), Calorie Meter (Diet Drink), Energen and Fast Break (energy drinks). Company Name Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Head Office 2-9 Kanda Tsukasa-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8535, Japan Phone: +81-3-3292-0021 Date Established August 10, 1964 President Tatsuo Higuchi Capital 6 billion yen Employees 5,224 (As of April 1, 2002) Business Description Manufacturing, Distributing, Exporting, Importing of pharmaceuticals, Clinical testing equipment, Medical equipment, and Food products. Domestic Establishments 17 branch offices/50 district offices 16 research institutions 2 clinical research laboratory 6 factories POCARI SWEAT A WORLDWIDE BRAND! DID YOU KNOW The human body has a very high water content: 60% for the average adult, and approximately 70% for a child. This water component is known as body fluid, and contains electrolytes such as sodium and potassium ions. WATER content in a child and adult body. The composition of POCARI SWEAT is similar to that of our own body fluids. It contains just the right amount of those electrolytes – such as sodium and potassium ions – that our body loses when it loses water. It’s also gentler on our body and more easily absorbed than ordinary water. And it doesn’t  harm the important balance of body fluids. CONTENTS OF POCARI SWEAT Pocari Sweat plays a vital role in human body after consuming it. Every day we loose about 2.5 liters of water through urinating, sweating and breathing, while we intake approximately the same amount through food and drink. Body fluids automatically regulate this loss and intake of water: balancing the two is vital to the maintenance of a healthy body. Pocari does just that after playing sports, working out in a gym, practicing yoga or long tiring dances lessons. This will be clear from the following diagram: Graph showing daily loss and intake of water in a human body Now that we have seen various graphs that how dangerous can it be if we loose water in plenty. Well now that OPC (the company) has launched Pocari Sweat there is no fear of loosing excess water. Consuming Pocari not only gives a refreshing feeling but also prevents loss of fluid from our body. It will be clear from another graph, which follows: Comparison of how Pocari Sweat prevents the loss of body fluids The composition of POCARI SWEAT is similar to that of our own body fluids. It contains just the right amount of electrolytes – such as sodium and potassium ions – that your body loses when it loses water. It’s also gentler on our body and more easily absorbed than ordinary water. And it doesn’t harm the important balance of body fluids. This graph shows clearly the performance of POCARI SWEAT. POCARI SWEAT COMPETITION By now you’d wonder that who are competitors of POCARI SWEAT? Well the real answer according to Otsuka Pharmaceuticals is that POCARI SWEAT  real competitor is PLAIN WATER and not energy drinks! Many would disagree to it but it’s the truth. People would say that Pocari faces a huge competition with the energy drinks available in the U.A.E like the Red-Bull, Isostar, Blue Ox, Flying Horse etc. Well according the product agencies in the U.A.E. they mention that Pocari is not an energy drink but it’s a REHYDRATION DRINK. The product (Pocari Sweat) agents in U.A.E are AL MAYA LAL’S LLC. To prove the above statement that Pocari Sweat is a rehydration drink the following picture of Pocari’s can, which clearly shows it: In reality, Pocari Sweat is a rehydration drink, which is very similar to baby rehydration fluid. The label on the bottle clarifies: This close up is taken from the can Past advertisements Pocari Sweat had made many ads in Japan, which is shown mainly in other Eastern Asian countries, they were a huge hit there but the company have failed to make an impact with them in the Western countries, that is why the product is not much known and the popularity is not much as it have in Japan and other neighboring countries. The companies previous ads were focused mainly on sports, they had many famous celebrities, models and artists in their ads, some of them are: Cindy Crawford (model), Nancy Adrew (stunt actress and model), Tikeshi (model), and Myo Chin Haut (model) etc. The concepts, which the company wanted to show people through its ad, were amazing and very creative, shot very beautifully under water. The first which showed two men playing tennis under water; the second big ad was during the Football World Cup held in Japan, which obviously had to be a soccer ad. Lately, the company has shot an ad keeping in mind how trendy and energetic are today’s teenagers; they have a skate boarder skating (which are attached with color cans), as he goes two and fro on the ramp it creates  graffiti. (This ad is not available on the net; the concept was taken from the following link: http://spotlight.iridas.com/200303/colorado) this site also contains previous football ads made by the company. In-short after our research we feel that the company and the agents of POCARI SWEAT in the U.A.E and the Middle East should emphasize more on advertising. The product is doing fine as we can see that most of our samples drink it after some activity, with 1-2 cans at a time, they find it really refreshing and energetic, and end up with the results as â€Å"good overall performance†. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Newspapers/Magazines: Gulf News, Khaleej Times, Fortune 500, Forbes. Text Books: Advertising and Sales Promotion Techniques by Gerard J. Tellis Advertising Procedure by J. Thomas Russell, W. Ronald, 14th Edition Marketing Management by Philip Kotler 11th Edition Marketing HND/HNC Edexcel textbook, BPP Publishing Websites: http://www.google.com http://www.yahoo.com http://www.ask.com http://www.otsuka.co.jp/pocari_e/pocari1.htm http://spotlight.iridas.com/200303/colorado www.boardsmag.com/screeningroom/commercials/?link=top http://www.oranda.or.jp/index/english/embassy/agriculture/PDF/productmakerhit.htm http://www.videor.co.jp/eng/jdata/market/99tvcmtr.html

Political Campaign essays

Political Campaign essays Volunteering for the Joe Birkett Campaign. Our volunteering lead us to the Joe Birkett campaign for Attorney General. Our volunteering all took place on being pollwatchers for the Birkett campaign. This volunteering started the night before when we meet up with the Birkett staff at Hawkeyes Bar and Grill for his rally at night. We received all the documents about being a pollwatcher and filled out all the paperwork for the upcoming day. We learned the rules as to what to do and what not to do and along with being at the rally were able to get our picture taken with Mr. Birkett. So the following day we were at a Birkett office on 111th street where we received our tasks for the day. It seemed that there were a lot of problems with voter fraud in the 3rd, 15th and 21st precincts and we were to go to the polling places and observe the election judges. Being a largely Democratic region we were told just to call the cops if we had any problems whereas a pollwatcher was threatened earlier. This brought about the most valuab le lesson from the whole campaigning assignment, in that individuals are very serious about voting. We never realized it in that we have been voting since we were given the right, and you don't see it when you go in to vote. But when you show up supporting a Republican campaign in a largely Democratic region, you realize how serious the election really is. So going to the 15th precinct first on 59th and Pulaski, we came across problems in we thought were propaganda being closer than the 100 linear feet from the door. But as one of the election judges pointed out to us, they measured it from the furthest inside door and showed that it was within the legal limits. At all the polling places we were to visit we were supposed to take a count with number voting, spoiled ballets, and absentee ballets. So we placed a Joe Birkett sign next to the Lisa Madigan sign and were off after a while of watching several doze...

Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste

Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste Dear EarthTalk: What are the fast-food chains doing to cut back onor at least recyclethe huge amount of paper, plastic and foam they use daily? Are there any laws or regulations to force them to be good environmental citizens? Carol Endres, Stroud Township, PA Currently there are no federal laws or regulations in the U.S. specifically aimed at getting fast food chains to reduce, reuse or recycle their waste. Businesses of all kinds must always obey local laws pertaining to what must be recycled versus what can be discarded. And a small number of cities and towns have local laws specifically designed to force businesses to do the right thing, but they are few and far between. Voluntary Fast Food Waste Reduction Makes HeadlinesThere have been some strides in the fast food business with regard to packaging materials and waste reduction, but it has all been voluntary and usually under pressure from green groups. McDonald’s made headlines back in 1989 when, at the urging of environmentalists, it switched its hamburger packaging from non-recyclable Styrofoam to recyclable paper wraps and cardboard boxes. The company also replaced its bleached paper carryout bags with unbleached bags and made other green-friendly packaging advances. Some Fast Food Chains Offer Vague Policies on Waste ReductionBoth McDonald’s and PepsiCo (owner of KFC and Taco Bell) have crafted internal policies to address environmental concerns. PepsiCo states that it encourages â€Å"conservation of natural resources, recycling, source reduction and pollution control to ensure cleaner air and water and to reduce landfill wastes,† but does not elaborate on specific actions it takes. McDonald’s makes similar general statements and claims to be â€Å"actively pursuing the conversion of used cooking oil into biofuels for transportation vehicles, heating, and other purposes,† and pursuing various in-store paper, cardboard, delivery container and pallet recycling programs in Australia, Sweden, Japan and Britain. In Canada the company claims to be the â€Å"largest user of recycled paper in our industry† for trays, boxes, carry out bags and drink holders. Fast Food Recycling Programs Can Reduce Waste and Save MoneySome smaller fast food chains have garnered accolades for their recycling efforts. Arizona-based eegee’s, for instance, earned an Administrator’s Award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for recycling all paper, cardboard and polystyrene across its 21-store chain. Besides the positive attention it has generated, the company’s recycling effort also saves it money in garbage disposal fees every month. A Few Communities Require Fast Food Waste RecyclingDespite such efforts, though, the fast food industry is still a large generator of waste. Some communities are responding by passing local regulations requiring recycling where applicable. Seattle, Washington, for example, passed an ordinance in 2005 prohibiting businesses (all businesses, not just restaurants) from disposing of recyclable paper or cardboard, though violators only pay a nominal $50 fine. Taiwan Takes a Hard Line on Fast Food WastePerhaps policymakers in the U.S. and elsewhere could take a lead from Taiwan, which since 2004 has required its 600 fast-food restaurants, including McDonald’s, Burger King and KFC, to maintain facilities for proper disposal of recyclables by customers. Diners are obliged to deposit their garbage in four separate containers for leftover food, recyclable paper, regular waste and liquids. â€Å"Customers only have to spend under a minute to finish the trash-classification assignment,† said environmental protection administrator Hau Lung-bin in announcing the program. Restaurants that don’t comply face fines of up to $8,700 (U.S.). GOT AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTION? Send it to: EarthTalk, c/o E/The Environmental Magazine, P.O. Box 5098, Westport, CT 06881; submit it at: www.emagazine.com/earthtalk/thisweek/, or e-mail: earthtalkemagazine.com. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on About Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E.

Management Accounting Scenarios and Applications Assignment

Management Accounting Scenarios and Applications - Assignment Example In this way, a proper mechanism can be developed which can easily assist the departmental head regarding the cost patterns (Drury, 2006). Variance Analysis Variance Analysis is the next tool which can be used by the departmental heads after the incurrence of actual costs (Drury, 2006). This tool supports the departmental managers as to identify the cost which is actually representing more deviations from the estimated/budgeted/standard cost. Once the cost is identified to have shown deviations, proper investigations should be conducted as to find out the causes of the deviations of that cost. The variance can be either favorable or adverse; however, the departmental heads should investigate both types of variances because at times the favorable variances occur due to using substandard raw materials or other similar issues. By utilizing the above mentioned tools, the departmental heads can easily trace as well as monitor and control the cost patterns of their department. Email 2: The following response is generated to guide Brenda in respect of the equipment to be included in the capital budgeting process: Identification of Cash Flows For any equipment to be included in the capital budgeting process, the first and foremost step of including the particular item is the identification of all possible cash inflows and outflows along with their evaluation (Garrison, 2009). All the equipments have a particular initial outlay followed by the benefits (cash inflows in monitory terms) over its remaining useful life. However, the exact amount of cash inflows to be received is a bit judgmental task and needs careful estimation and forecast. The scenario mentioned in the case, needs a little adjustment as the printing machine to be purchased has a useful life of less than a year. Generally, equipments which are included in the capital budgeting process have a useful life of more than a year and their cash flows are estimated on yearly basis. In this scenario, the situation is a bit different. Here, an adjustment can be made such that a discount factor on monthly basis should be used by Brenda, and the Net Present Value of the printing machine should be calculated on monthly cash flow basis. If the NPV of the printing machine comes in positive figures, then the printing machines should be recommended for the final capital budgeting process. However, in case if the negative figure comes up for NPV, then plan for acquiring the printing machine should be discarded as it is no more feasible for Brenda to exploit the machine in best possible manner (Gupta, 2001). Email 3: Breakeven Quantities This response is presented for Carl’s inquiry regarding the breakeven quantity. Under the existing situation when fuel changes are not added in the cost of the product, the contribution earned is $1.87. However, if the cost of fuel is added, then contribution is decreased to around $1.72. As a result of this change in the cost of the product, the breakeven quant ity to be sold is also changed such that before the increase in the cost, the breakeven quantity is around 445,283 units. However, after the increase in the cost, the breakeven quantity is increased to around 484,116 units. Target Profits Assuming if the company is also interested in earning some profits of let’s say $100,000 then in that case, the company needs to sell some more units so that they can earn this much profit. It can be

The marketing communications (or promotional) mix Essay

The marketing communications (or promotional) mix - Essay Example A combination of email and website work can give high impact, high relevance, and high reach, must form a key part of any communication strategy (Boylaud, 2000). The most influential marketing communication elements are the advertising tools which include television, Internet, print and radio along with the traditional marketing efforts to support the contemporary means of advertising will allow the company to get the best of online and offline advertising. As such, direct marketing has never been as precise, powerful and popular as it is today (Palmer,2004). With its new applications to database marketing, global commerce and the internet, it is no longer an option for company officers and marketing executives; it is a necessity. Direct marketing has grown beyond its roots in traditional mail order to embrace a host of new technologies, customer relationship building techniques and performance measures set the bar for the future of marketing communications.

The Fundamentals of Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fundamentals of Statistics - Assignment Example Additionally, in order to provide a clearer illustration of the data, use of graphs and pie charts is paramount. There are many things that are not explicitly understandable and usually require uncovering. Therefore, it is important for the interested parties to come up with ways of developing an adequately deep understanding of the target information. In most cases, the information being sought is usually of significant importance. The information could be explanatory or even form basis for evaluation of problems at hand. This is the reason why people embark on research since it enables them to capture data upon which to validate their views or obtain explanations (Goddard & Melville, 2001). A study conducted on a sample of inmates revealed a number of things based on the views of the inmates on the criminal justice system. The study encompassed qualitative and quantitative variables all of which were related to criminal justice. This is an outlook into two of the variables studied namely â€Å"types of offenses† and satisfaction of the inmates with regard to â€Å"incarceration servi ces†. It is undisputable that different offenses have different frequencies of occurrence thus the need to look into the specific offenses for which the inmates were in. Figure 1 is a representation of the findings of the study with regard to the types of offense for which the inmates were jailed. There were 7 inmates jailed for homicide and 9 in each of robbery and burglary categories. The information is illustrated in a pie chart to clearly depict the proportion of inmates assigned to each of the categories of offenses. The use of pie enhances visibility of the relationship existing between the variables under study. The type of offense is a qualitative variable and some of the measures of central tendency and variability cannot be obtained. Qualitative data is categorical and non-numerical thus difficult to obtain measures that

The Respiratory Lungs Buffer Response Biology Essay

The Respiratory Lungs Buffer Response Biology Essay Acid-base balance is predominantly maintained through several physiologic methods that might be distress by occurrences such as severe ailments or injury. To maintain pH amid the normal scale of around 7.35-7.45, the development of acidic surroundings must be either cushioned or excreted. The instruction of acid-base equilibrium remains overseen by three critical processes, namely: buffer system, respiratory, and renal methods. The paper investigates the role of the lungs in overseeing stabilization of blood pH. Carbon dioxide (CO2) derives from typical body metabolic processes. Once oxygen is inhaled, and CO2 is exhaled, the blood transports the oxygen or carbon dioxide either to the lungs and/or body tissues. Disturbances in the processes impacts on CO2 intensities and HCO3- are expected to produce acid-base disparities (Raymond 2010, p.244). An outstanding system through which the body exploits to direct pH entails the discharge of CO2 from the lungs. The brain adjusts the magnitude of CO2 exhaled by guiding the pace and intensity of breathing. This forces the lungs to either augment or lessen the tempo and intensity of ventilation until the appropriate quantity of carbon dioxide has been re-instituted. The magnitude of CO2 released influences the pH of the blood, which heightens as breathing, turns out to be fast, and profound (Chatterjea and Shinde 2012, p.713). In adjusting, the pace and deepness of breathing, the brain plus the lungs direct the blood pH. The Respiratory (Lungs) Buffer Response Usually, blood pH ranges in the region of 7.4 (slightly alkaline). In the event that pH levels drop to 7.6, then body cells are likely to cease functioning. It is obvious that blood pH levels 7.9 are lethal even if they last for a short time, which renders it essential to gain equilibrium in pH levels (Sherwood 2007, p.11). The competence of the body to handle every pH adjustment is steered by three indispensable factors, namely: the lungs, the kidneys, and buffers. In the event that a strong acid manifest, the bicarbonate-carbonic acid, which yields an overall rise of carbonic acid that dissociates into CO2 and H2O. An augmentation of H+ within the blood triggers the medulla to augment the respiratory tempo that assists CO2 eradication (Brown et al. 2011, p.323). In the event that pH stays high relative to an augmentation in HCO3-, the respiratory centre holds back, and consequently the respiratory tempo lessens (Raymond 2010, p.245). This enhances CO2 retention in which it becomes accessible to form carbonic acid that cushions the surplus bicarbonate. The respiratory system consequently balances the registered alterations within pH transmitted to metabolic disorders by regulating Pco2 that alters the bicarbonate carbonic acid proportion. Nonetheless, the respiratory system cannot orchestrate any loss or an augmentation of hydrogen ions. Buffers direct molecules that admit or discharge ions in order to maintain the H+ ion absorption at a certain level. Buffers facilitate to saturate up additional H+ ions with the majority buffer entailing a fusion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion (HCO3). CO2 derives carbonic acid (H2CO3) when is liquefies in water and operates as an acid releasing hydrogen ions (H+) when necessitated (Lew 2010, p.31). The respiratory system pursues sustenance of appropriate blood pH, in the event that the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system fails to react quick enough to stabilize the registered pH interferences, processes such as hyper/hypoventilation can be induced to direct the amount of carbonic acid contained in the blood (Rhoades and Bell 2013, p.454). The respiratory centre reacts by varying levels of H2CO3- within the blood. Hyperventilation makes the body to breathe out and remove CO2 from the bloodstream, through the lungs. The expulsion of carbon dioxide diminishes acidity within the blood pH. The reverse method transpires in cases of hypoventilation that leads to the withholding of CO2 within the blood (Lew 2010, p.32). The CO2 becomes carbonic acid when it dwells within the blood and combines with water. In the event that carbon dioxide is retained, then the acidic intensity of the blood increases. This amplified acid bears the capability to buffer any excess base that registers within the blood. In the event that the blood alkalinity rises, then hypoventilation may involve a pertinent way to neutralize it and overturn the progression so that the blood pH returns to usual levels (Chatterjea and Shinde 2012, p.714). Constituents that control acid-base stability comprise protein, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorous. Cells and body fluids inside the body entail acid-base buffers that assist in the deterrence of speedy modifications inside the body fluid pH over short episodes until the kidneys and pulmonary systems can achieve appropriate alterations. The kidneys, as well as the pulmonary system toil to uphold acid-base equilibrium by means of excretion contained by the urine or respiration (Plowman and Smith 2008, p.279). The temporary pressure of PCO2 amid the pulmonary system can be measured with a blood sample and links with blood CO2 levels. PCO2 can then be utilized as a marker of the intensity of acid within the body. Common Diseases and Disorders Acid-base disparities surge principally from either metabolic or respiratory malfunctions. An amplification of HCO3- designates metabolic alkalosis whereas a decline in a similar substance outlines metabolic acidosis. An increase in PCO2 is leads to respiratory acidosis, whereas a decline in a parallel element is designated as respiratory alkalosis. Mostly, respiratory alkalosis originates from hyperventilation, and the means of stabilization incorporating kidneys preserving developed quantities of HCO3- to amplify pH (Brown et al. 2011, p.324). Respiratory acidosis, on the other hand, may flow from respiratory depression activated by under-ventilation, and the form entailing kidneys excreting augmented quantities of HCO3- to diminish pH. Conclusion A significant constituent of blood marks its intensity of acidity or alkalinity in which the blood acidity increases when the intensity of acidity compounds within the body swells (through augmented uptake or creation, or curtailed exclusion) or when the intensity of crucial (alkaline) compounds inside the body plunges (via diminished intake or augmented removal). Body alkalinity grows with the overturning of the processes. Ventilation plays an indispensable function in maintaining pH stability. The respiratory system can inspire modifications in pH levels amid a period of about 1-3 minutes and can eliminate or preserve CO2 (that automatically impacts on the acid-base status) more promptly and competently relative to all other buffer systems.